主要內容:
1. Typed Actor定義
2. Typed Actor創建
3. 消息發送
Akka中的Typed Actor是Active Objects設計模式的實現,Active Objects模式將方法的履行和方法的調用進行解耦合,從而為程序引入并發性。Typed Actor由公用的接口和對應實現兩部份構成,其后面深層次的實現使用的是代理模式,即通過使用JDK中的動態代理來實現,在調用接口的方法時自動分發到實現接口的對象上。Typed Actor的定義[ ]以下所示。
trait Squarer {
//fire-and-forget消息
def squareDontCare(i: Int): Unit
//非阻塞send-request-reply消息
def square(i: Int): Future[Int]
//阻塞式的send-request-reply消息
def squareNowPlease(i: Int): Option[Int]
//阻塞式的send-request-reply消息
def squareNow(i: Int): Int
}
class SquarerImpl(val name: String) extends Squarer {
def this() = this("SquarerImpl")
def squareDontCare(i: Int): Unit = i * i
def square(i: Int): Future[Int] = Promise.successful(i * i).future
def squareNowPlease(i: Int): Option[Int] = Some(i * i)
def squareNow(i: Int): Int = i * i
}
trait Squarer中定義了4個方法:
(1)def squareDontCare(i: Int): Unit方法:返回值類型為Unit,它類似于Untyped Actor中的fire-and-forget消息發送模型,即!和tell方法調用。
(2)def square(i: Int): Future[Int]:返回值類型為Future[Int],它類似于Untyped Actor中的send-request-reply消息發送模型,即?和ask方法調用,此種調用是非阻塞的。
(3)def squareNowPlease(i: Int): Option[Int]:返回值類型為Option[Int](Option類可以是scala.Option[_]也能夠是akka.japi.Option
通過以下代碼創建Typed Actor實例。
//直接通過默許的構造函數創建Typed Actor
val mySquarer: Squarer =TypedActor(system).typedActorOf(TypedProps[SquarerImpl]())
//直接通過默許的構造函數創建Typed Actor并指定Typed Actor名稱
val mySquarer: Squarer =TypedActor(system).typedActorOf(TypedProps[SquarerImpl](),"mySquarer")
//通過非默許的構造函數創建Typed Actor并指定Typed Actor名稱
val otherSquarer: Squarer = TypedActor(system).typedActorOf(TypedProps(classOf[Squarer],new SquarerImpl("SquarerImpl")), "otherSquarer")
上面代碼演示的是使用構造函數和非默許構造函數創建Typed Actor,其中Squarer為代理的類型,SquarerImpl為具體實現的類型。
//fire-forget消息發送
mySquarer.squareDontCare(10)
//send-request-reply消息發送
val oSquare = mySquarer.squareNowPlease(10)
val iSquare = mySquarer.squareNow(10)
//Request-reply-with-future 消息發送
val fSquare = mySquarer.square(10)
val result = Await.result(fSquare, 5 second)
代碼mySquarer.squareDontCare(10)是單向消息發送,方法將在另外1個線程上異步地履行;val oSquare = mySquarer.squareNowPlease(10)、val iSquare = mySquarer.squareNow(10)為Request-reply消息發送,在特定時間內以阻塞的方式履行,對.squareNowPlease(10)方法如果在對應時間內沒有返回結果則返回值為None,否則返回值為Option[Int]類型,對squareNow(10)方法如果在對應時間內無返回值則會拋出異常java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException,否則返回Int類型值;val fSquare = mySquarer.square(10)為Request-reply-with-future式的消息發送,以非阻塞的方式履行,可以通過val result = Await.result(fSquare, 5 second)獲得履行結果。完全代碼以下所示。
/*
* Typed Actor
*/
object Example_01 extends App {
import akka.event.Logging
import scala.concurrent.{ Promise, Future }
import akka.actor.{ TypedActor, TypedProps }
import scala.concurrent.duration._
trait Squarer {
//fire-and-forget消息
def squareDontCare(i: Int): Unit
//非阻塞send-request-reply消息
def square(i: Int): Future[Int]
//阻塞式的send-request-reply消息
def squareNowPlease(i: Int): Option[Int]
//阻塞式的send-request-reply消息
def squareNow(i: Int): Int
}
class SquarerImpl(val name: String) extends Squarer {
def this() = this("SquarerImpl")
def squareDontCare(i: Int): Unit = i * i
def square(i: Int): Future[Int] = Promise.successful(i * i).future
def squareNowPlease(i: Int): Option[Int] = Some(i * i)
def squareNow(i: Int): Int = i * i
}
val system = ActorSystem("TypedActorSystem")
val log = Logging(system, this.getClass)
//使用默許構造函數創建Typed Actor
val mySquarer: Squarer =
TypedActor(system).typedActorOf(TypedProps[SquarerImpl](),"mySquarer")
//使用非默許構造函數創建Typed Actor
val otherSquarer: Squarer =
TypedActor(system).typedActorOf(TypedProps(classOf[Squarer],
new SquarerImpl("SquarerImpl")), "otherSquarer")
//fire-forget消息發送
mySquarer.squareDontCare(10)
//send-request-reply消息發送
val oSquare = mySquarer.squareNowPlease(10)
log.info("oSquare="+oSquare)
val iSquare = mySquarer.squareNow(10)
log.info("iSquare="+iSquare)
//Request-reply-with-future 消息發送
val fSquare = mySquarer.square(10)
val result = Await.result(fSquare, 5 second)
log.info("fSquare="+result)
system.shutdown()
}
代碼運行結果以下:
[INFO] [03/21/2016 21:15:50.592] [main] [Example12_9
[INFO] [03/21/2016 21:15:50.649] [main] [Example12_9$(akka://TypedActorSystem)] fSquare=100
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