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JCaptcha算數式驗證碼

來源：程序員人生發布時間：2015-08-13 08:30:38 閱讀次數：3619次

前兩天買了張火車票，使人egg碎的驗證已無力吐槽，試了幾次都讓我開始懷疑我的IQ是否是合適再從事程序猿的這個”神圣的職業“了。今天分享的是1段比較傳統而不失實用的驗證，驗證的意義想必大家都已知曉。

好了，語言總是蒼白無力。直入真題來看代碼的實現的吧。

操作環境：
jboss eap 6.2
tomcat也能夠，比較懶直接用的jboss。大家有興趣也能夠試試，支持的服務更多，性能更加穩定些。
servlet
麻雀雖小，5臟俱全，做了小例子足以。
JCaptcha
jcaptcha是1個開源的驗證碼生成控件。1般用于生產圖片類驗證碼，但也支持聲音的驗證。
JCaptcha的官方網站：http://jcaptcha.sourceforge.net/
另外還有對應的開源社區：http://www.oschina.net/p/jcaptcha/
這里使用的是 jcaptcha⑴.0-all.jar ，好像有點老，但是自己maven的nexus里面正好有。

主要分為幾個步驟
1.BackgroundGenerator生成圖片。包括圖片的背風景，大小等樣式。
2.生成文字、運算符。包括文字的格式，字體的種類，字體的最小最大樣式。
3.利用JCaptcha的1個工具類WordToImage生成帶文字的圖片。
4.最后則是驗證的進程

1、生成圖片

package com.tgb.cfl;

import com.octo.captcha.service.captchastore.FastHashMapCaptchaStore;
import com.octo.captcha.service.image.DefaultManageableImageCaptchaService;
import com.octo.captcha.service.image.ImageCaptchaService;

public class BfferImageCss {

    private static DefaultManageableImageCaptchaService instance=null;
    public static int result;

    /**
     * 單例模式的類用于生成圖片
     * @return
     */
    public static ImageCaptchaService getInstance() {
        VerifImage vi= new VerifImage();
        result=vi.getResult();
        if(instance==null){
            instance = new DefaultManageableImageCaptchaService(new FastHashMapCaptchaStore(), vi, 180, 100000, 75000);
        }else{
            instance.setCaptchaEngine(vi);
        }
        return instance;
    }
}

2、設置圖片樣式、字體情勢、操作符情勢

package com.tgb.cfl;


import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Random;

import com.octo.captcha.component.image.backgroundgenerator.BackgroundGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.backgroundgenerator.FunkyBackgroundGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.color.ColorGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.color.RandomRangeColorGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.fontgenerator.FontGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.fontgenerator.RandomFontGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.textpaster.TextPaster;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.textpaster.RandomTextPaster;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.wordtoimage.WordToImage;
import com.octo.captcha.component.image.wordtoimage.ComposedWordToImage;
import com.octo.captcha.component.word.wordgenerator.DummyWordGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.component.word.wordgenerator.WordGenerator;
import com.octo.captcha.engine.image.ListImageCaptchaEngine;
import com.octo.captcha.image.gimpy.GimpyFactory;

public class VerifImage extends ListImageCaptchaEngine {
    static{
        System.setProperty("java.awt.headless", "true");
    }
    //壹 貳 叁 肆 伍 陸 柒 捌 玖
    private final static String[] nods={"零","壹","貳","叁","肆","伍","陸","柒","捌","玖"};
    //1，2，3，4，5，6，7，8，9
    private final static String[] nohs={"零","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"};
    //0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    private final static String[] noss={"0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"};
    // 寄存加減乘運算符
    private final static char[] arr = {'+', '-', '×'};
    //漢字加減乘運算符
    private final static char[] arrh={'加','減','乘'};
    private StringBuffer sb=null;
    private Random random=null;

    private int result;
    public int getResult(){
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    protected void buildInitialFactories() {
        random = new Random();
        sb=new StringBuffer();
        //獲得1個隨機boolean
        boolean bool=random.nextBoolean();
        //掉用生成運算模式方法
        this.model(bool);
        int len=sb.toString().length();
        WordGenerator wgen=new DummyWordGenerator(sb.toString());
        //設置字體色彩
        RandomRangeColorGenerator cgen = new RandomRangeColorGenerator(new int[]{0, 60}, new int[]{0, 60}, new int[]{0, 60});
        // 文字顯示的個數
        TextPaster textPaster = new RandomTextPaster(len, len, cgen, true);
        //設置圖片背景色彩
        ColorGenerator colorGenerator = new RandomRangeColorGenerator(new int[]{200, 200}, new int[]{200, 200}, new int[]{200, 200});
        // 圖片的大小
        BackgroundGenerator backgroundGenerator = new FunkyBackgroundGenerator(90, 28,colorGenerator);
        // 字體魄式
        Font[] fontsList = new Font[]{new Font("宋體", 0, 10)};
        // 文字的大小
        FontGenerator fontGenerator = new RandomFontGenerator(18, 20, fontsList);
        //將文字寫入到圖片中
        WordToImage wordToImage = new ComposedWordToImage(fontGenerator, backgroundGenerator, textPaster);
        this.addFactory(new GimpyFactory(wgen, wordToImage));

    }
    private void model(boolean bool){
        // 生成隨機整數num1
        int num1 = getRandomNum();
        // 生成隨機整數num2
        int num2 = getRandomNum();
        //隨機產生運算方式
        int operate = random.nextInt(3);
        switch (operate) {
            case 0:
                this.result = num1 + num2;
                break;
            case 1:
                this.result = num1 - num2;
                break;
            case 2:
                this.result = num1 * num2;
                break;
        }
        try{
            //隨機生成運算表達試
            if(bool){
                this.getRes(operate,num1,num2);
            }else{
                int r=random.nextInt(3);
                sb.append(getNos(r,num1)+" ");

                r=random.nextInt(2);
                sb.append(getOperate(r,operate)+" ");

                r=random.nextInt(3);
                sb.append(getNos(r,num2));

                sb.append(" = ?");
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    //生成運算表達試
    private void getRes(int operate,int num1,int num2){
        int r=random.nextInt(2);
        switch (r){
            case 0:
                r=random.nextInt(3);
                sb.append(getNos(r,num1)+" ");

                r=random.nextInt(2);
                sb.append(getOperate(r,operate)+" ");
                sb.append("?");

                sb.append(" = "+this.result);
                this.result=num2;
                break;
            case 1:
                sb.append("? ");
                r=random.nextInt(2);
                sb.append(getOperate(r,operate)+" ");

                r=random.nextInt(3);
                sb.append(getNos(r,num2));

                sb.append(" = "+this.result);
                this.result=num1;
                break;
        }
    }
    //獲得運算數字
    private String getNos(int random,int num) {
        switch (random){
            case 0:
                return nods[num];
            case 1:
                return nohs[num];
            case 2:
                return noss[num];
        }
        return null;
    }
    //獲得運算符
    private String getOperate(int random,int num){
        switch (random){
            case 0:
                return String.valueOf(arr[num]);
            case 1:
                return String.valueOf(arrh[num]);
        }
        return null;
    }
    //獲得0~9隨機數
    private int getRandomNum(){
        int num = random.nextInt(10);
        while (num == 0) {
            num = random.nextInt(10);
        }
        return num;
    }
}

這里主要是為了構成用于計算結果的文字和圖片和1些樣式的設定。

3、測實驗證碼

servlet

package com.tgb.cfl;

import com.octo.captcha.service.CaptchaServiceException;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGCodec;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.JPEGImageEncoder;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

/**
 * 用于生產驗證碼圖片的class
 * @author cfl 
 * @date 2015年4月30日
 *
 */
public class VerificationCode extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -11L;

    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        super.init(servletConfig);
    }
    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        byte[] b = null;

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        try {
            //獲得session對象
            HttpSession session=request.getSession();

           //獲得本次會話的sessionID
            String captchaId = session.getId();
            //生成圖片
            BufferedImage challenge = BfferImageCss.getInstance().getImageChallengeForID(captchaId, request.getLocale());

            //將結果保存到session
            session.setAttribute(captchaId+"_vccode",BfferImageCss.result);

            //加密
            JPEGImageEncoder jpegEncoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(baos);           

            jpegEncoder.encode(challenge);

        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

            response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND);
            return;

        } catch (CaptchaServiceException e) {

            response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
            return;

        }

        b = baos.toByteArray();

        //設置相應的參數，用于顯示圖片
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-store");
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
        sos.write(b);
        sos.flush();
        sos.close();
    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doPost(request, response);
    }
}