Java EE - Spring MVC 入門介紹以及基于注解開發(fā)應(yīng)用
來源：程序員人生 發(fā)布時間：2016-11-22 08:59:42 閱讀次數(shù)：2840次
問題導(dǎo)讀：
1. Spring MVC 的入門操作
2. 如何基于注解開發(fā)Spring MVC利用？
解決方案：
Spring MVC入門介紹
1. jar
2.bean(model)
package bean;
public class Product {
private String name;
private String description;
private Float price;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public Float getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Float price) {
this.price = price;
}
}
3.form
package form;
public class ProductForm {
private String name;
private String description;
private String price;
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public String getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(String price) {
this.price = price;
}
}
4.controller
4.1 InputProductController
package com.lpl.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
/*
* 這是傳統(tǒng)風格的控制器，實現(xiàn)Controller接口
*/
public class InputProductController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return new ModelAndView("ProductForm");
}
}
4.2 SaveProductController
package com.lpl.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
import bean.Product;
import form.ProductForm;
public class SaveProductController implements Controller{
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
/*
* 沒有過濾器，手動設(shè)置request中對象的字符編碼
*/
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF⑻");
// 數(shù)據(jù)綁定（spring MVC 提供了該功能，以后會使用）
ProductForm productForm = new ProductForm();
productForm.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
productForm.setDescription(request.getParameter("description"));
productForm.setPrice(request.getParameter("price"));
Product product = new Product();
product.setName(productForm.getName());
product.setDescription(productForm.getDescription());
try {
product.setPrice(Float.parseFloat(productForm.getPrice()));
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
/*
* 1. 視圖（jsp）
* 2. 模型（名字）
* 3. 模型（對象）
*/
return new ModelAndView("ProductDetails","product",product);
}
}
5. 配置文件
5.1 springmvc-config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!-- 配置bean -->
<!--
通過配置bean方式得到的controller每個controller就是1個action
-->
<bean name="/product_input.do" class="com.lpl.controller.InputProductController" />
<bean name="/product_save.do" class="com.lpl.controller.SaveProductController" />
<!--
ViewResolver(視圖解析器)
配置前綴和后綴兩個屬性，這樣視圖解析器將會自動增加前綴和后綴
-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
5.2 web
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!--
DispatcherServlet
1. 調(diào)用controller中相應(yīng)的action
2. 根據(jù)要求參數(shù)值構(gòu)造表單bean
3. 轉(zhuǎn)向另外一個view層（jsp）
-->
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- spring MVC 的配置文件 位置 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- web application的classpath包括 WEB-INF/lib下的所有jar包和WEB-INF/classes目錄 -->
<param-value>classpath:conf/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
6. view
6.1 ProductForm
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF⑻"
pageEncoding="UTF⑻"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF⑻">
<title>添加商品</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form action="product_save.do" method="post">
<fieldset>
<legend>添加商品</legend>
<label for="name">商品名字：</label>
<input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="" /><br/>
<label for="description">商品描寫：</label>
<input type="text" id="description" name="description" value="" /><br/>
<label for="price">商品價格：</label>
<input type="text" id="price" name="price" value=""/><br/>
<div>
<input id="reset" type="reset" />
<input id="submit" type="submit" value="添加商品" />
</div>
</fieldset>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
6.2 ProductForm
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF⑻"
pageEncoding="UTF⑻"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF⑻">
<title>商品詳情</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<h4>該商品已保存</h4>
<p>
<h5>詳細信息</h5>
商品名稱：${product.name }</br>
商品描寫：${product.description }</br>
商品價格：${product.price }
</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>
基于注解的控制器
1. 采取注解開發(fā)利用的幾個優(yōu)點
- 1個控制器類可以處理多個動作
- 1個動作對應(yīng)1個控制器類中的1個方法
2. 配置文件
2.1 web
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!--
DispatcherServlet
1. 調(diào)用controller中相應(yīng)的action
2. 根據(jù)要求參數(shù)值構(gòu)造表單bean
3. 轉(zhuǎn)向另外一個view層（jsp）
-->
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- spring MVC 的配置文件 位置 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!-- web application的classpath包括 WEB-INF/lib下的所有jar包和WEB-INF/classes目錄 -->
<param-value>classpath:conf/springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!--
1. 當URL模式設(shè)置為“/” 時，意味著所有要求（包括靜態(tài)資源）1同映照到dispatcher servlet
2. 為了正確處理靜態(tài)資源，需要在Spring MVC配置文件中添加<resources/>元素
-->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--
字符過濾器
1. 處理數(shù)據(jù)綁定中文亂碼
-->
<filter>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF⑻</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SpringEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
2.2 springmvc-config
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF⑻"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc⑶.2.xsd">
<!--
1. 聲明掃描機制 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
2. 掃描包要注意不要指定1個太廣泛的基本包
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lpl.controller" />
<!-- 1. 如果沒有<annotation-driven/>,<resources/>元素會禁止任意控制器被調(diào)用
2. 若不需要使用 resources，則不需要<annotation-driven/>元素
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 指定.html 資源不通過dispatcher servlet -->
<mvc:resources mapping="/*.html" location="/" />
<!--
ViewResolver(視圖解析器)
配置前綴和后綴兩個屬性，這樣視圖解析器將會自動增加前綴和后綴
-->
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
3. controller
package com.lpl.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import bean.Product;
import form.ProductForm;
/*
* 1. 在配置好spring 的掃描機制的條件下，可使用注解開發(fā)利用
* 2. @RequestMapping("/xxx.do") 與 @RequestMapping(value = "/xxx.do") 相同
* 3. @RequestMapping 注解總還可使用其他屬性
* 4. 在編寫要求處理方法的時候，可以直接在方法參數(shù)中添加HttpServletRequest、HttpServletResponse 等
* 5. 返回類型可以為ModelAndView、Model、Map 和 String（邏輯視圖名）等
*/
@Controller
public class ProductController {
@RequestMapping(value="/product_input.do")
public String inputProduct() {
return "ProductForm";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/product_save.do", method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String saveProduct(HttpServletRequest request, ProductForm productForm, Model model) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName(productForm.getName());
product.setDescription(productForm.getDescription());
try {
product.setPrice(Float.parseFloat(productForm.getPrice()));
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//將商品加入 model 中
model.addAttribute("product", product);
return "ProductDetails";
}
}
4. view
4.1
4.2
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