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MongoDB 導(dǎo)出導(dǎo)入備份恢復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)例

來源：程序員人生發(fā)布時(shí)間：2016-06-29 17:16:47 閱讀次數(shù)：3262次

創(chuàng)建測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)

創(chuàng)建db:testdb,collection:user,插入10條記錄

mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db.user.insert({id:1,name:"用戶1"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:2,name:"用戶2"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:3,name:"用戶3"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:4,name:"用戶4"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:5,name:"用戶5"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:6,name:"用戶6"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:7,name:"用戶7"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:8,name:"用戶8"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:9,name:"用戶9"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.insert({id:10,name:"用戶10"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> 
> db.user.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"), "id" : 1, "name" : "用戶1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"), "id" : 2, "name" : "用戶2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"), "id" : 3, "name" : "用戶3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"), "id" : 4, "name" : "用戶4" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"), "id" : 5, "name" : "用戶5" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"), "id" : 6, "name" : "用戶6" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"), "id" : 7, "name" : "用戶7" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"), "id" : 8, "name" : "用戶8" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"), "id" : 9, "name" : "用戶9" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"), "id" : 10, "name" : "用戶10" }

數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)出 mongoexport

參數(shù)說明：

-d     數(shù)據(jù)庫名
-c     collection名
-o     輸出的文件名
--type 輸出的格式，默許為json
-f     輸出的字段，如果--type為csv，則需要加上 -f "字段名"

更多參數(shù)說明可參考 mongoexport –help

例子：導(dǎo)出user所有記錄到/tmp/user.json

mongoexport -d testdb -c user -o /tmp/user.json
2016-05-31T20:00:32.257+0800    connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:00:32.286+0800    exported 10 records

cat /tmp/user.json
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aae8780832e6c4e27b4"},"id":1,"name":"用戶1"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b5"},"id":2,"name":"用戶2"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b6"},"id":3,"name":"用戶3"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b7"},"id":4,"name":"用戶4"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b8"},"id":5,"name":"用戶5"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27b9"},"id":6,"name":"用戶6"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27ba"},"id":7,"name":"用戶7"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bb"},"id":8,"name":"用戶8"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7aaf8780832e6c4e27bc"},"id":9,"name":"用戶9"}
{"_id":{"$oid":"574d7ab08780832e6c4e27bd"},"id":10,"name":"用戶10"}

例子：導(dǎo)出user所有id到/tmp/user.csv

格式為csv但不指定字段會(huì)出錯(cuò)

mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -o /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:01:05.393+0800    Failed: CSV mode requires a field list

mongoexport -d testdb -c user --type csv -f "id" -o /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:01:46.510+0800    connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:01:46.534+0800    exported 10 records

cat /tmp/user.csv
id
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入 mongoimport

參數(shù)說明：

-d           數(shù)據(jù)庫名
-c           collection名
--type       導(dǎo)入的格式,默許json
-f           導(dǎo)入的字段名
--headerline 如果導(dǎo)入的格式是csv，則可使用第1行的標(biāo)題作為導(dǎo)入的字段
--file       要導(dǎo)入的文件

更多參數(shù)說明可參考 mongoimport –help

導(dǎo)入前先清空collection user

> db.user.drop();
true
> db.user.find();
>

例子：把上例導(dǎo)出的user.json導(dǎo)入

mongoimport -d testdb -c user --file /tmp/user.json
2016-05-31T20:10:22.240+0800    connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:10:22.287+0800    imported 10 documents

例子：把上例導(dǎo)出的user.csv導(dǎo)入

mongoimport -d testdb -c user --type csv --headerline --file /tmp/user.csv
2016-05-31T20:11:28.975+0800    connected to: localhost
2016-05-31T20:11:29.003+0800    imported 10 documents

數(shù)據(jù)備份 mongodump

參數(shù)說明：

-d 數(shù)據(jù)庫名
-c collection名
-o 備份的文件路徑

更多參數(shù)說明可參考 mongodump –help

例子：把testdb的user備份到/tmp

mongodump -d testdb -c user -o /tmp
2016-05-31T20:18:25.813+0800    writing testdb.user to /tmp/testdb/user.bson
2016-05-31T20:18:25.818+0800    writing testdb.user metadata to /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json
2016-05-31T20:18:25.849+0800    done dumping testdb.user

數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù) mongorestore

參數(shù)說明：

-d 數(shù)據(jù)庫名
-c collection名

更多參數(shù)說明可參考 mongorestore –help

導(dǎo)入前先清空collection user

> db.user.drop();
true
> db.user.find();
>

例子：把上例備份的數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)

mongorestore -d testdb -c user /tmp/testdb/user.bson 
2016-05-31T20:21:23.050+0800    checking for collection data in /tmp/testdb/user.bson
2016-05-31T20:21:23.084+0800    reading metadata file from /tmp/testdb/user.metadata.json
2016-05-31T20:21:23.088+0800    restoring testdb.user from file /tmp/testdb/user.bson
2016-05-31T20:21:23.153+0800    restoring indexes for collection testdb.user from metadata
2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800    finished restoring testdb.user
2016-05-31T20:21:23.156+0800    done