從1次查詢中隨機(jī)返回1條數(shù)據(jù)，1般使用mysql的order by rand() 方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)
例如: 從20萬用戶中隨機(jī)抽取1個(gè)用戶
mysql> select * from user order by rand() limit 1;
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | phone | password | salt | country_code | ip |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
| 15160 | 6549721306 | e4f302120c006880a247b652ad0e42f2 | 40343586 | 86 | 127.0.0.1 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.25 sec)
mysql> explain select * from user order by rand() limit 1;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 200303 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)根據(jù)分析結(jié)果，運(yùn)行需要0.25秒，order by rand() 需要使用臨時(shí)表（Using temporary），需要使用文件排序（Using filesort），效力低下。
1.首先獲得查詢的總記錄條數(shù)total
2.在總記錄條數(shù)中隨機(jī)偏移N條（N=0~total⑴)
3.使用limit N,1 獲得記錄
代碼以下：
<?php
// 獲得總記錄數(shù)
$sqlstr = 'select count(*) as recount from user';
$query = mysql_query($sqlstr) or die(mysql_error());
$stat = mysql_fetch_assoc($query);
$total = $stat['recount'];
// 隨機(jī)偏移
$offset = mt_rand(0, $total-1);
// 偏移后查詢
$sqlstr = 'select * from user limit '.$offset.',1';
$query = mysql_query($sqlstr) or die(mysql_error());
$result = mysql_fetch_assoc($query);
print_r($result);
?>分析：
mysql> select * from user limit 23541,1;
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
| id | phone | password | salt | country_code | ip |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
| 23542 | 3740507464 | c8bc1890de179538d8a49cc211859a46 | 93863419 | 86 | 127.0.0.1 |
+-------+------------+----------------------------------+----------+--------------+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> explain select * from user limit 23541,1;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | user | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 200303 | NULL |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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