注：本文謝絕轉載！
在前面的Blog中，講過RAC 中SCAN 的配置有3種方式：
（1） /etc/hosts
（2） DNS
（3） GNS
具體鏈接以下：
Oracle RAC 集群 SCAN 說明
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/42712979
Oracle 12c RAC 集群使用DNS 實現 SCAN
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/42917867
Oracle 12c RAC 修改SCAN 配置
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/42919785
如果使用GNS來做SCAN，那末就需要配置DNS和 DHCP。 并且全部RAC的架構，也會產生變化。
在我們傳統的架構中，PUBLIC IP,PRIVATE IP，VIP 都是我們預先分配好的，但如果使用GNS 來做SCAN,那末只需要固定PRIVATEIP 和 PUBLIC IP， VIP和SCAN IP 由GNS 從DHCP 中動態獲得。
本測試的RAC搭建IP 分配以下表
節點 | Public IP | Private IP | VIP | SCAN VIP | GNS VIP | SCAN |
rac1 | 192.168.56.5 | 192.168.57.5 | 從DHCP動態分配 | 從DHCP動態分配 | 192.168.56.201 由DNS 解析 | 從DHCP中取得，并由GNS進行域名解析 |
rac2 | 192.168.56.6 | 192.168.57.6 | ||||
dns/dhcp | 192.168.56.200 |
| ||||
安裝：
[root@rac1yum.repos.d]# yum search bind-
Loadedplugins: refresh-packagekit, security
====================================================================N/S Matched: bind-=====================================================================
bind-chroot.x86_64: A chroot runtime environment for the ISC BIND DNS server, named(8)
bind-devel.i686: Header files and libraries needed for BIND DNS development
bind-devel.x86_64: Header files and libraries needed for BIND DNS development
bind-dyndb-ldap.x86_64: LDAP back-end plug-in for BIND
bind-libs.x86_64: Libraries used by the BIND DNS packages
bind-libs.i686: Libraries used by the BIND DNS packages
bind-sdb.x86_64: BIND server with database backends and DLZ support
bind-utils.x86_64: Utilities for querying DNS name servers
[root@rac1sbin]# yum install bind-chroot.x86_64
依賴的包會自動解決。
[root@rac1etc]# rpm -qa | grep "^bind"
bind-chroot⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind-libs⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
bind-utils⑼.8.2-0.30.rc1.el6.x86_64
[root@rac1etc]#
安裝完成后，bind的主配置文件是/etc/named.conf；區域類型配置文件是/etc/named.rfc1912.zones；區域配置文件在/var/named/下;
[root@davedns ~]# cat /etc/named.conf
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BINDnamed(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolveronly).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configurationfiles.
//
options {
// listen-onport 53 { 127.0.0.1; };默許監聽IP為127.0.0.1，用//需注釋掉
// listen-on-v6port 53 { ::1; };注釋掉
directory "/var/named";寄存區域配置文件的目錄
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file"/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file"/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
// allow-query { localhost; };允許查詢的客戶真個IP，默許為本機，注釋掉。
recursionyes; 是不是開啟迭代查詢功能
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validationyes;
dnssec-lookasideauto;
/* Path to ISC DLVkey */
bindkeys-file"/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory"/var/named/dynamic";
};
logging {
channel default_debug{
file"data/named.run";
severitydynamic;
};
};
//這里必須注釋掉原來的file，重新加上file
zone "." IN {
type hint;
// file"named.ca";
file"/dev/null";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
修改Zone 文件：/etc/named.rfc1912.zones, 添加正向解析和反向解析的Zone 定義。
--配置正向解析Zone
zone"cndba.cn" IN {
typemaster;
file"cndba.cn.zone";
allow-update{ none; };
};
--配置反向解析Zone
zone"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
typemaster;
file"56.168.192.local";
allow-update{ none; };
};
這里需要注意的是，反向解析從左到右讀取ip地址時是以相反的方向解釋的，所以需要將ip地址反向排列。這里，192.168.56.*網段的反向解析域名為"56.168.192.in-addr.arpa”。
在之前的name.conf 配置中指定的區域文件目錄是：/var/named。 所以在這個目錄里創建正向解析的區域文件。
文件名就是在Zone中定義的file名。
[root@davedns ~]# touch /var/named/cndba.cn.zone
添加以下內容：
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.cndba.cn. root.cndba.cn. (
42 ; serial (d.adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D) ; minimum
IN NS dns.cndba.cn.
dns IN A 192.168.56.200
gns IN A 192.168.56.201
$ORIGINcndba.cn.
@ IN NS gns.cndba.cn.
在/var/named 目錄下創建反向解析的區域文件，文件名也是之前在Zone中定義的：56.168.192.local。
[root@davedns~]# touch /var/named/56.168.192.local
添加以下內容：
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.cndba.cn. root.cndba.cn. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum
IN NS dns.cndba.cn.
200 IN PTR dns.cndba.cn.
201 IN PTR gns.cndba.cn.
[root@davedns~]# chkconfig named on
[root@davedns~]# service named restart
Stoppingnamed: . [ OK ]
Startingnamed: [ OK ]
[root@rac2named]#
在所有節點的/etc/resolv.conf文件中添加以下內容：
[root@rac1~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
#Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver192.168.56.200
nameserver192.168.56.201
optionsrotate
optionstimeout:2
optionsattempts:5
[root@rac1~]#
[root@rac2~]# nslookup dns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: dns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.200
[root@rac2~]# nslookup gns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: gns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.201
[root@rac2~]#
[root@rac1~]# nslookup gns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: gns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.201
[root@rac1~]# nslookup dns.cndba.cn
Server: 192.168.56.200
Address: 192.168.56.200#53
Name: dns.cndba.cn
Address:192.168.56.200
[root@rac1~]#
[root@davedns~]# yum install dhcp
[root@davedns~]# rpm -qa | grep "^dhcp"
dhcp-common⑷.1.1⑷3.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
dhcp⑷.1.1⑷3.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
[root@davedns~]# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
:r /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample --可以導入配置文件在修改。
也能夠直接添加以下內容：
[root@davednsdhcp]# cat dhcpd.conf
#
# DHCPServer Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample
# see 'man 5 dhcpd.conf'
ddns-update-styleinterim;
ignoreclient-updates;
subnet192.168.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.56.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option nis-domain "cndba.cn";
option domain-name "cndba.cn";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.56.200;
option time-offset ⑴8000; # Eastern Standard Time
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.56.100192.168.56.150;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
}
[root@davednsdhcp]#
[root@davednsdhcp]# chkconfig dhcpd on
[root@davednsdhcp]# chkconfig dhcpd --list
dhcpd 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@davednsdhcp]# service dhcpd restart
Shuttingdown dhcpd: [ OK ]
Startingdhcpd: [ OK ]
[root@davednsdhcp]#
12cRAC 安裝的詳細步驟參考以下鏈接：
Oracle12c RAC 搭建手冊
http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/41675693
我們這里貼出不同的地方。
修改hosts文件，注釋掉vip的配置，由程序動態獲得。
[root@rac2~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.56.5rac1
192.168.57.5rac1-priv
#192.168.56.7rac1-vip
192.168.56.6rac2
192.168.57.6rac2-priv
#192.168.56.8rac2-vip
#192.168.56.9rac-scan
[root@rac2~]#
[grid@rac1grid]$ crs_stat -t
Name Type Target State Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora....SM.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....ER.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....AF.lsnrora....er.type OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....N1.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....N2.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N3.lsnrora....er.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.MGMTLSNR ora....nr.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.OCR.dg ora....up.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.cvu ora.cvu.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gns ora.gns.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gns.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.mgmtdb ora....db.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....networkora....rk.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.ons ora.ons.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C2.lsnrapplication ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.ons application ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan2.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.scan3.vip ora....ip.type ONLINE ONLINE rac1
[grid@rac1grid]$
[grid@rac1grid]$ crsctl stat res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server Statedetails
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LocalResources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ClusterResources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN2.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.LISTENER_SCAN3.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 169.254.236.113 192.
168.57.5,STABLE
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.gns
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.gns.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 Open,STABLE
ora.oc4j
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.rac2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac2 STABLE
ora.scan2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
ora.scan3.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac1 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[grid@rac1grid]$
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config scan
SCANname: scan.cndba.cn, Network: 1
SubnetIPv4: 192.168.56.0/255.255.255.0/eth0, dhcp
SubnetIPv6:
SCAN 0IPv4 VIP: -/scan1-vip/192.168.56.101
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
SCAN 1IPv4 VIP: -/scan2-vip/192.168.56.102
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
SCAN 2IPv4 VIP: -/scan3-vip/192.168.56.103
SCANVIP is enabled.
SCANVIP is individually enabled on nodes:
SCANVIP is individually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$
注意這里的IP地址，是從DHCP里自動獲得的。
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config vip -node rac1
VIPexists: network number 1, hosting node rac1
VIPIPv4 Address: -/rac1-vip/192.168.56.100
VIPIPv6 Address:
VIP isenabled.
VIP isindividually enabled on nodes:
VIP isindividually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$ srvctl config vip -node rac2
VIPexists: network number 1, hosting node rac2
VIPIPv4 Address: -/rac2-vip/192.168.56.104
VIPIPv6 Address:
VIP isenabled.
VIP isindividually enabled on nodes:
VIP isindividually disabled on nodes:
[grid@rac1grid]$
這里，vip也是1樣，自動獲得。
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